Pre-implantation Genetic Testing: The Basics
What You Need to Know Before Embryo Transfer
If you’re going through IVF, chances are you’ve heard the term Pre-implantation Genetic Testing (PGT)—but what does it actually mean? And how do you know if it’s right for you? At Reproductive Centers of America (RCA), we believe informed patients make empowered decisions. Here’s a simple breakdown of what PGT is, how it works, and who might benefit from it.
What Is Pre-implantation Genetic Testing?
Pre-implantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is a laboratory procedure used during IVF to evaluate embryos for genetic abnormalities before they’re transferred to the uterus. The goal? To help select the healthiest embryos with the highest potential to implant and lead to a successful pregnancy.
There are three main types:
- PGT-A (Aneuploidy Screening)
Screens for abnormal numbers of chromosomes (e.g., Down syndrome or other trisomies). - PGT-M (Monogenic/Single-Gene Disorders)
Used when one or both parents are carriers of a known genetic condition (e.g., cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs, BRCA mutations). - PGT-SR (Structural Rearrangements)
For patients with known chromosome translocations or inversions.
How Does It Work?
- IVF Cycle Begins: You undergo egg retrieval and fertilization as usual.
- Embryo Development: Embryos are grown in the lab to the blastocyst stage (day 5–7).
- Embryo Biopsy: A few cells are gently removed from the outer layer (which becomes the placenta—not the baby).
- Genetic Analysis: The cells are sent to a specialized lab for testing.
- Embryo Selection: Only chromosomally normal or mutation-free embryos are selected for transfer.
- Embryo Transfer: Usually done in a frozen transfer cycle once results are ready.
Who Might Benefit From PGT?
- Women over 35, where risk of chromosomal abnormalities increases
- Couples with a history of recurrent miscarriage
- Previous failed IVF cycles
- Known genetic disorders in one or both partners
- Male factor infertility (linked to higher DNA fragmentation)
- Patients seeking single embryo transfer to reduce risk of multiples
Is PGT Safe?
Yes. Embryo biopsy is a highly refined technique that does not harm embryo development when performed in experienced labs like ours at RCA. The embryos are frozen after biopsy to allow time for analysis and scheduling.
What Are the Benefits?
- Higher implantation and pregnancy rates
- Lower risk of miscarriage
- Improved planning for family-building with fewer cycles
- Peace of mind, especially for patients with genetic concerns
Things to Consider
- PGT adds cost and requires freezing embryos before transfer.
- Not all embryos will be suitable for testing or survive to biopsy.
- While highly accurate, it’s not 100% predictive—no test can guarantee a healthy baby.
- It’s an optional tool, not a requirement.
RCA’s Approach to Genetic Testing
At RCA, we provide honest, personalized guidance based on your goals, values, and medical history. If PGT can increase your chance of a successful outcome, we’ll explain it in clear terms—and help you weigh the benefits and limits.
We offer in-house genetic counseling, advanced embryology, and support every step of the way.
What Is Pre-implantation Genetic Testing?
Pre-implantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is a laboratory procedure used during IVF to evaluate embryos for genetic abnormalities before they’re transferred to the uterus. The goal? To help select the healthiest embryos with the highest potential to implant and lead to a successful pregnancy.
There are three main types:
- PGT-A (Aneuploidy Screening)
Screens for abnormal numbers of chromosomes (e.g., Down syndrome or other trisomies). - PGT-M (Monogenic/Single-Gene Disorders)
Used when one or both parents are carriers of a known genetic condition (e.g., cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs, BRCA mutations). - PGT-SR (Structural Rearrangements)
For patients with known chromosome translocations or inversions.
How Does It Work?
- IVF Cycle Begins: You undergo egg retrieval and fertilization as usual.
- Embryo Development: Embryos are grown in the lab to the blastocyst stage (day 5–7).
- Embryo Biopsy: A few cells are gently removed from the outer layer (which becomes the placenta—not the baby).
- Genetic Analysis: The cells are sent to a specialized lab for testing.
- Embryo Selection: Only chromosomally normal or mutation-free embryos are selected for transfer.
- Embryo Transfer: Usually done in a frozen transfer cycle once results are ready.
Who Might Benefit From PGT?
- Women over 35, where risk of chromosomal abnormalities increases
- Couples with a history of recurrent miscarriage
- Previous failed IVF cycles
- Known genetic disorders in one or both partners
- Male factor infertility (linked to higher DNA fragmentation)
- Patients seeking single embryo transfer to reduce risk of multiples
Is PGT Safe?
Yes. Embryo biopsy is a highly refined technique that does not harm embryo development when performed in experienced labs like ours at RCA. The embryos are frozen after biopsy to allow time for analysis and scheduling.
What Are the Benefits?
- Higher implantation and pregnancy rates
- Lower risk of miscarriage
- Improved planning for family-building with fewer cycles
- Peace of mind, especially for patients with genetic concerns
Things to Consider
- PGT adds cost and requires freezing embryos before transfer.
- Not all embryos will be suitable for testing or survive to biopsy.
- While highly accurate, it’s not 100% predictive—no test can guarantee a healthy baby.
- It’s an optional tool, not a requirement.
RCA’s Approach to Genetic Testing
At RCA, we provide honest, personalized guidance based on your goals, values, and medical history. If PGT can increase your chance of a successful outcome, we’ll explain it in clear terms—and help you weigh the benefits and limits.
We offer in-house genetic counseling, advanced embryology, and support every step of the way.
